Here are a number of different models that fall under the umbrella of design thinking. The d.school at Stanford University model is frequently used. This model has five modes:
Empathise: Learners observe, engage, watch, and listen. The purpose is to understand people, within the context of their design challenge. Who are they designing for and what is the problem that needs solving?
Define: Learners explicitly define the challenge based on their new understanding of the people and the problem. They write a meaningful problem statement to guide their actions.
Ideate: Learners generate ideas. Every idea is welcome. Judgement is suspended so that the team can move beyond obvious solutions and find innovative ideas to explore.
Prototype: Students start building their solution for the end user. This is an iterative process that tolerates failure. Prototypes don't require too much commitment of time or resources.
Test: Learners seek feedback on their prototypes from end-users. It's an opportunity to: gain empathy for and understanding of the people they are designing for, to refine prototypes, and solutions.
Iteration is key. The five modes are not always sequential. They do not have to follow any specific order and can often occur in parallel and repeat iteratively. Learners cycle through the process any number of times to arrive at a workable end solution.
(https://elearning.tki.org.nz/Teaching/Future-focused-learning/Design-thinking)
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